How do ribosomes use RNA to assemble proteins?
How do ribosomes use RNA to assemble proteins?
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) associates with a set of proteins to form ribosomes. These complex structures, which physically move along an mRNA molecule, catalyze the assembly of amino acids into protein chains. They also bind tRNAs and various accessory molecules necessary for protein synthesis.
What is used to tell the ribosome which protein to make?
On the ribosome, the mRNA provides the code for the protein that will be made. In the cytoplasm, specific amino acids are attached to specific molecules.
What is used to build a ribosome?
Ribosomes are made up of ribosomal proteins and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). In prokaryotes, ribosomes are roughly 40 percent protein and 60 percent rRNA. In eukaryotes, ribosomes are about half protein and half rRNA.
What structure is used by ribosomes as the instructions for making proteins?
Within the ribosome, the rRNA molecules direct the catalytic steps of protein synthesis — the stitching together of amino acids to make a protein molecule. In fact, rRNA is sometimes called a ribozyme or catalytic RNA to reflect this function.
Does Golgi body have DNA?
Eukaryotic cells contain a membrane-bound nucleus and numerous membrane-enclosed organelles (e.g., mitochondria, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus) not found in prokaryotes. The nucleus contains most of the genetic material (DNA) of the cell. Additional DNA is in the mitochondria and (if present) chloroplasts.
Do lysosomes have DNA?
No, lysosomes lack DNA. Lysosomes are referred to as suicide bags of the cells, they have proteins breaking down the waste.
What would happen if lysosomes stopped working?
Lysosomes are sacs inside cells, containing enzymes that metabolize (break down) excess sugars and lipids (fats) into substances that cells can use. When lysosomes don’t work properly, these sugars and fats build up in the cell instead of being used or excreted.
How do lysosomes destroy bacteria?
Lysosomes are involved with various cell processes. They break down excess or worn-out cell parts. They may be used to destroy invading viruses and bacteria. If the cell is damaged beyond repair, lysosomes can help it to self-destruct in a process called programmed cell death, or apoptosis.
Why lysosomes Cannot be destroyed?
Lysosomes cannot be destroyed as they have enzymes which are distinguished by “substrate specificity”. It corresponds to saying that only they can act on molecules of a particular shape. Lysosomes cannot digest themselves.
What are the two major functions of lysosomes?
A lysosome has three main functions: the breakdown/digestion of macromolecules (carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids), cell membrane repairs, and responses against foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses and other antigens.
What Colour are lysosomes?
purple
What is the shape of a lysosome?
A lysosome (/ˈlaɪsəˌsoʊm/) is a membrane-bound organelle found in many animal cells. They are spherical vesicles that contain hydrolytic enzymes that can break down many kinds of biomolecules.