Is chickenpox caused by virus or bacteria?

Is chickenpox caused by virus or bacteria?

Varicella-zoster is a herpes virus that causes chickenpox, a common childhood illness. It is highly contagious.

What causes chicken pox and measles?

Chickenpox and measles are both infectious diseases that are caused by viruses. They’re caused by two different viruses. Chickenpox is caused by the varicella-zoster virus. Measles, also called rubeola, is caused by the measles virus.

What is the mode of transmission for chicken pox measles and influenza?

Chickenpox is spread through inhaling respiratory droplets that are generated when a sick person coughs or sneezes. It can also be spread through contact with contaminated surfaces or with fluid from the ruptured blisters. You’re contagious with chickenpox up to two days before the rash appears.

What are the possible health outcomes of chicken pox polio and measles?

Complications can include swelling of the testicles or ovaries, deafness, inflammation of the brain and/or tissue covering the brain and spinal cord (encephalitis/meningitis), and, rarely, death.

Is there a vaccine for chicken pox?

CDC recommends two doses of chickenpox vaccine for children, adolescents, and adults who have never had chickenpox and were never vaccinated. Children are routinely recommended to receive the first dose at age 12 through 15 months and the second dose at age 4 through 6 years.

What are the possible health outcomes of polio?

Symptoms vary from mild, flu-like symptoms to life-threatening paralysis. In less than 1% of cases, polio causes permanent paralysis of the arms, legs or breathing muscles. Between 5 and 10% of people who develop paralytic polio will die. Physical symptoms may return 15 years or more after the first polio infection.

What is the key symptom of polio?

Paralysis is the most severe symptom associated with polio, because it can lead to permanent disability and death. Between 2 and 10 out of 100 people who have paralysis from poliovirus infection die, because the virus affects the muscles that help them breathe.

Can you recover from polio?

People who have milder polio symptoms usually make a full recovery within 1–2 weeks. People whose symptoms are more severe can be weak or paralyzed for life, and some may die. After recovery, a few people might develop “post-polio syndrome” as long as 30–40 years after their initial illness.

What is the mode of transmission of polio?

Polio is spread when the stool of an infected person is introduced into the mouth of another person through contaminated water or food (fecal-oral transmission). Oral-oral transmission by way of an infected person’s saliva may account for some cases.

How can we prevent the spread of polio?

Polio can be prevented by immunizing a child with approrpiate vaccination. There are currently two effective polio vaccines, the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) and the live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV).

What is the root cause of polio?

What causes polio? Polio is caused by the poliovirus. The virus enters the body through the mouth. It is spread through contact with the feces (stool) of an infected person or through exposure to phlegm or mucus when an infected person coughs or sneezes.

What is the most common mode of transmission of the poliovirus?

Wild poliovirus is spread through faeces and saliva. It is primarily transmitted through faecal–oral spread and is an important consideration where sanitation is poor. ‘Live’ oral polio vaccine (OPV) virus can be shed in the faeces for 6 weeks and may lead to infection in unvaccinated contacts.

How do you break the chain of infection of polio?

Break the chain by cleaning your hands frequently, staying up to date on your vaccines (including the flu shot), covering coughs and sneezes and staying home when sick, following the rules for standard and contact isolation, using personal protective equipment the right way, cleaning and disinfecting the environment.

What is the infectious agent of polio?

Poliomyelitis is an acute communicable disease of humans caused by a human enterovirus of the Picornaviridae family. The virus is composed of a single-stranded, positive-sense RNA genome and a protein capsid.

What are the types of poliomyelitis?

There are three wild types of poliovirus (WPV) – type 1, type 2, and type 3. People need to be protected against all three types of the virus in order to prevent polio disease and the polio vaccination is the best protection.

Which type of polio is most common?

PV1 is the most commonly encountered form, and the one most closely associated with paralysis. Individuals who are exposed to the virus, either through infection or by immunization with polio vaccine, develop immunity.

What does polio virus look like?

The viral particle is about 30 nm in diameter with icosahedral symmetry. Because of its short genome and its simple composition—only RNA and a nonenveloped icosahedral protein coat that encapsulates it, poliovirus is widely regarded as the simplest significant virus.

What was the deadliest epidemic in history?

Black Death

How long did the plague last in 1920?

From there more than 80 percent of those infected with the disease were dead within a week. In 1920 Galveston, that “oozy prairie,” as early settlers described it, was only 20 years removed from the devastating 1900 hurricane.

When was last pandemic in history?

The 1918 influenza pandemic was the most severe pandemic in recent history. It was caused by an H1N1 virus with genes of avian origin. Although there is not universal consensus regarding where the virus originated, it spread worldwide during 1918-1919.

What was last pandemic?

What was the first pandemic?

430 B.C.: Athens. The earliest recorded pandemic happened during the Peloponnesian War. After the disease passed through Libya, Ethiopia and Egypt, it crossed the Athenian walls as the Spartans laid siege. As much as two-thirds of the population died.

How long did swine flu last?

The 2009 swine flu pandemic was an influenza pandemic that lasted about 19 months, from January 2009 to August 2010, and was the second of two pandemics involving H1N1 influenza virus (the first being the 1918–1920 Spanish flu pandemic).

Was polio a man made virus?

Poliovirus, which was discovered nearly a century ago by Karl Landsteiner and Erwin Popper (1909), is a human virus that replicates in the gastrointestinal tract after ingestion. In rare instances, the virus invades the central nervous system where it destroys motor neurons that control muscle movement.

How was polio stopped?

Several key strategies have been outlined for stopping polio transmission: High infant immunization coverage with four doses of oral polio vaccine (OPV) in the first year of life in developing and endemic countries, and routine immunization with OPV and/or IPV elsewhere.

Why is polio still in Pakistan?

Some of the reasons which affect the eradication of polio are political unrest, poor health infrastructure, and government negligence. The most afflicted areas are those where militants are present and the government lacks absolute control, such as the Federally Administered Tribal Areas.