Close

2021-05-14

What is the process of mRNA making a copy of DNA called?

What is the process of mRNA making a copy of DNA called?

Transcription

What is the function of mRNA?

Messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules carry the coding sequences for protein synthesis and are called transcripts; ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules form the core of a cell’s ribosomes (the structures in which protein synthesis takes place); and transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules carry amino acids to the ribosomes during protein …

What process produces mRNA?

transcription

What process produces proteins?

Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation. Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. It includes three steps: initiation, elongation, and termination.

Which best describes how mRNA is used by a cell?

Answer: The correct answer would be option D. mRNA is formed after transcription of the DNA. It carries the nucleotide sequence of the DNA to the ribosome in the form of codon sequence for translation, that is, the formation of the polypeptide chain.

Which best describes the difference between transcription and DNA replication?

Transcription is the process where the DNA sequence is copied, cut and used to create RNA while DNA replication is the production of new new strands of DNA created from a singular base strand.

Which best describes how proteins form?

Within a protein, multiple amino acids are linked together by peptide bonds, thereby forming a long chain. Peptide bonds are formed by a biochemical reaction that extracts a water molecule as it joins the amino group of one amino acid to the carboxyl group of a neighboring amino acid.

What happens when proteins are broken down?

Once a protein source reaches your stomach, hydrochloric acid and enzymes called proteases break it down into smaller chains of amino acids. Amino acids are joined together by peptides, which are broken by proteases. From your stomach, these smaller chains of amino acids move into your small intestine.

What best describes an amino acid?

When it comes to amino acids, they are the building blocks of protein. The organic compounds contain carboxyl and amine functional groups along with the side chain. There is lots of amino acid molecules are combined by the peptide bonds for forming the proteins.

How does the process of translation convert information?

Explanation: Translation is the process of protein synthesis that forms new proteins using the base sequence of mRNA as template. Since mRNA is formed by copying the base sequence of template DNA strand, mRNA serves as carrier of genetic information from DNA to proteins.

What is translation the process of?

Translation is the process by which a protein is synthesized from the information contained in a molecule of messenger RNA (mRNA). Translation occurs in a structure called the ribosome, which is a factory for the synthesis of proteins.

What are the steps of translation?

Steps of Translation There are three major steps to translation: Initiation, Elongation, and Termination. The ribosome is made of two separate subunits: the small subunit and the large subunit.

What is the first step in transcription?

The first step of transcription is called pre-initiation. RNA polymerase and cofactors (general transcription factors) bind to DNA and unwind it, creating an initiation bubble.

What are the two types of transcription factors?

There are two mechanistic classes of transcription factors:

  • General transcription factors are involved in the formation of a preinitiation complex.
  • Upstream transcription factors are proteins that bind somewhere upstream of the initiation site to stimulate or repress transcription.

What is a positive transcription factor?

To add to Noel’s answer, positive transcription factor or activator bind to its activation site in the promoter region and modulate the DNA-protein or chromatin configuration in a manner that facilitates RNA polymerase binding at specific transcription start site for the onset of transcription.

How do transcription factors work?

How do transcription factors work? A typical transcription factor binds to DNA at a certain target sequence. Once it’s bound, the transcription factor makes it either harder or easier for RNA polymerase to bind to the promoter of the gene.

Is p53 a transcription factor?

p53 is a transcription factor that suppresses tumor growth through regulation of dozens of target genes with diverse biological functions.

What happens if p53 is mutated?

These mutations result in an altered p53 protein that cannot regulate cell proliferation effectively and is unable to trigger apoptosis in cells with mutated or damaged DNA. As a result, DNA damage can accumulate in cells. Such cells may continue to divide in an uncontrolled way, leading to the growth of tumors.

How is p53 inactivated?

p53 pathway: In a normal cell, p53 is inactivated by its negative regulator, mdm2. Upon DNA damage or other stresses, various pathways will lead to the dissociation of the p53 and mdm2 complex.

Is p53 good or bad?

As these data suggest, p53 is of principal importance in sensing DNA damage, telomeric shortening, and oxidative stress (and in particular, its activity is regulated by the latter), and it seems clear that p53, acting as a “bad cop,” contributes to mammalian aging.

Is p53 a cyclin?

The tumour suppressor protein p53 has functions in controlling the G1/S and G2/M transitions. Central regulators for progression from G2 to mitosis are B-type cyclins complexed with cdc2 kinase.