What is the difference between pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

What is the difference between pulmonary ventilation and alveolar ventilation?

Ventilation is the rate at which gas enters or leaves the lung. The alveolar ventilation rate changes according to the frequency of breath, tidal volume, and amount of dead space. PA refers to alveolar partial pressure of a gas, while Pa refers to the partial pressure of that gas in arterial blood.

Why is the composition of atmospheric air is different to the composition of alveolar air?

The composition of air in the atmosphere and in the alveoli differs. In addition, alveolar air contains a greater amount of carbon dioxide and less oxygen than atmospheric air. This is no surprise, as gas exchange removes oxygen from and adds carbon dioxide to alveolar air.

Where is the oxygen in greater concentrations in the alveoli air sacs or in the blood Why?

Pulmonary Gas Exchange After you inhale, there is a greater concentration of oxygen in the alveoli than in the blood of the pulmonary capillaries, so oxygen diffuses from the alveoli into the blood across the capillaries (see Figure below).

Which has the greatest effect on the ability of blood to transport oxygen?

The Bohr effect describes red blood cells’ ability to adapt to changes in the biochemical environment, maximizing hemoglobin-oxygen binding capacity in the lungs while simultaneously optimizing oxygen delivery to tissues with the greatest demand.

How does hemoglobin carry oxygen through the blood?

Hemoglobin. Hemoglobin, or Hb, is a protein molecule found in red blood cells (erythrocytes) made of four subunits: two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Each subunit surrounds a central heme group that contains iron and binds one oxygen molecule, allowing each hemoglobin molecule to bind four oxygen molecules.

What are characteristics and functions of hemoglobin?

Hemoglobin is a two-way respiratory carrier, transporting oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and facilitating the return transport of carbon dioxide. In the arterial circulation, hemoglobin has a high affinity for oxygen and a low affinity for carbon dioxide, organic phosphates, and hydrogen and chloride ions.