How do we name hydrocarbons?
How do we name hydrocarbons?
The end of the name is given by the number of bonds between carbon atoms. If there are only single bonds the name ends with ‘-ane’, if there is at least one double bond (and no triple bonds) the name ends in ‘-ene’, and if there is at least one triple bond the name ends in ‘-yne’.
What is the longest hydrocarbon chain?
Currently, palytoxin and maitotoxin are believed to have the longest carbon chains in nature (more than 100 A in length), except for biopolymers. The structural properties of such marine huge molecules are highlighted, especially with regard to the length and shape of their carbon chains.
What are hydrocarbons explain with example?
A hydrocarbon is a molecule whose structure includes only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Examples of Hydrocarbons: 1. Natural gas and fuels – Many of the natural fuel sources we use are hydrocarbons. Compounds like methane, butane, propane, and hexane are all hydrocarbons.
What is the property of hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are entirely made up of only two kinds of atoms – carbon and hydrogen. Typically, hydrocarbons are colourless gases that have very weak odours.
What is the other name of aromatic hydrocarbons?
Aromatic hydrocarbons, or arenes, are aromatic organic compounds containing solely carbon and hydrogen atoms. The configuration of six carbon atoms in aromatic compounds is called a “benzene ring”, after the simple aromatic compound benzene, or a phenyl group when part of a larger compound.
Which of the following are uses of aromatic hydrocarbons?
They are used in manufacturing fuels, pesticides, lacquers, paints, detergents, and more. One important example of an aromatic hydrocarbon is benzene, a six-carbon ring structure. Benzene rings can be combined to form other molecules such as naphthalene.
What is the general formula of aromatics?
Aromatic compounds with two or more fused aromatic benzene rings are called polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and they have the general formula C4r+2H2r+4 for rings without substituents, where r = number of rings.
How do you identify aromatic hydrocarbons?
A molecule is aromatic when it adheres to 4 main criteria:
- The molecule must be planar.
- The molecule must be cyclic.
- Every atom in the aromatic ring must have a p orbital.
- The ring must contain pi electrons.
What are aliphatic hydrocarbons?
Aliphatic hydrocarbons are hydrocarbons based on chains of C atoms. There are three types of aliphatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes are aliphatic hydrocarbons with only single covalent bonds. Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain at least one C–C double bond, and alkynes are hydrocarbons that contain a C–C triple bond.
What are examples of aliphatic hydrocarbon?
Examples and List of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons
| Number of Carbons | Aliphatic Hydrocarbons |
|---|---|
| 1 | methane |
| 2 | ethane, ethene, ethyne |
| 3 | propane, propene, propyne, cyclopropane |
| 4 | Methylpropane, butane, cyclobutene |
What are alicyclic hydrocarbons?
Alicyclic hydrocarbons are saturated carbon chains that form ring structures (see Fig. 9.7). Naturally occurring alicyclic hydrocarbons are common. For example, in the degradation of cyclohexane, a six-membered ring, we get the formation of ɛ-caprolactone, a seven-membered ring.
What’s the difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon?
Aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons are organic compounds that are made out of only carbon and hydrogen atoms. The main difference between aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons is that aliphatic hydrocarbons have a high carbon-to-hydrogen ratio whereas aromatic hydrocarbons have a less carbon-to-hydrogen ratio.