What makes a virus pathogenic? Pathogenesis is the process by which an infection leads to disease. Pathogenic mechanisms of viral disease include (1) implantation of virus at the portal of entry, (2) local replication, (3) spread to target organs (disease sites), and (4) spread to sites of shedding of virus into the environment. Why can […]

Which is an example of habitat destruction? Habitat destruction occurs when natural habitats are no longer able to support the species present, resulting in the displacement or destruction of its biodiversity. Examples include harvesting fossil fuels, deforestation, dredging rivers, bottom trawling, urbanization, filling in wetlands and mowing fields. What is habitat destruction? Habitat destruction (also […]

What is the relationship between macromolecules and polymers? Explanation: The term macromolecules refers to large molecules that are built from smaller subunits. When all the subunits are of the same type the macromolecules are called polymers and the subunits are monomers. When the subunits are of different types they are simply referred to as macromolecules. […]

What population conditions make an extinction vortex likely to occur? These events can include rapid loss of population size due to disease, natural disasters, and climate change. Habitat loss and/or habitat degradation can also kick start an extinction vortex. Other factors include events that occur more gradually, such over-harvesting (hunting, fishing, etc.), or excessive predation. […]

How are atoms and compounds related? Compound Basics Molecule is the general term used to describe any atoms that are connected by chemical bonds. Every combination of atoms is a molecule. A compound is a molecule made of atoms from different elements. All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds. How do atoms […]

Where do proteins go after the rough ER? From Rough ER to Golgi In most cases proteins are transferred to the Golgi apparatus for ‘finishing’. They are conveyed in vesicles or possibly directly between the ER and Golgi surfaces. After ‘finishing’ they are delivered to specific locations. What happens to proteins produced by ribosomes that […]

What is the ratio of carbohydrate? Carbohydrates are a class of chemical compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in 1:2:1 ratio, respectively. Does 15 grams equal 1 carb? In the carbohydrate counting method, 15 grams of carbohydrate is equal to one carbohydrate serving. How do you adjust carb ratio? Start by decreasing the grams […]

Which type of clouds can you always expect to signal fair weather cirrus stratus or cumulus? Cirrus clouds most of the time indicate fair weather. 2.) Nimbus clouds often mean that there is soon to be rainfall. What type of clouds indicate fair weather? Cumulus – known as fair-weather clouds because they usually indicate fair, […]

What do organisms interact with? In all these environments, organisms interact and use available resources, such as food, space, light, heat, water, air, and shelter. Each population of organisms, and the individuals within it, interact in specific ways that are limited by and can benefit from other organisms. What organisms did you find in the […]

Are there enzymes in cells? Cells contain thousands of different enzymes, and their activities determine which of the many possible chemical reactions actually take place within the cell. Where can you find enzymes in everyday life? Enzyme applications Enzymes are used to make and improve nearly 400 everyday consumer and commercial products. They are used […]