What are the steps of light reaction in photosynthesis?
What are the steps of light reaction in photosynthesis?
The two stages of photosynthesis: Photosynthesis takes place in two stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions). Light-dependent reactions, which take place in the thylakoid membrane, use light energy to make ATP and NADPH.
In what order do the electrons move through the electron transport chain water photosystem?
The electrons must travel through special proteins stuck in the thylakoid membrane. They go through the first special protein (the photosystem II protein) and down the electron transport chain. Then they pass through a second special protein (photosystem I protein).
What order do the electrons move through the electron transport chain?
Electrons move through the electron transport chain by electron carriers. Electrons in complex I flow from NADH through complex 1 to Q in complex III. Electrons in complex II flow from succinate to FADH2 to Q in complex III.
What enables electron to get excited and what happens when they are energized?
A photon of light energy travels until it reaches a molecule of chlorophyll. The photon causes an electron in the chlorophyll to become “excited.” The energy given to the electron allows it to break free from an atom of the chlorophyll molecule.
What are two ways to excite an electron?
When an electron temporarily occupies an energy state greater than its ground state, it is in an excited state. An electron can become excited if it is given extra energy, such as if it absorbs a photon, or packet of light, or collides with a nearby atom or particle.
What happens when electrons return to the ground state?
An electron in an excited state can release energy and ‘fall’ to a lower state. When it does, the electron releases a photon of electromagnetic energy. When the electron returns to the ground state, it can no longer release energy but can absorb quanta of energy and move up to excitation states (higher orbitals).
What form of energy accompanies the return of excited electrons to the ground state?
electromagnetic radiation
What kind of energy do electrons have?
Kinetic and potential energy of atoms result from the motion of electrons. When electrons are excited they move to a higher energy orbital farther away from the atom. The further the orbital is from the nucleus, the higher the potential energy of an electron at that energy level.
What happens when an electron moves to a lower energy level?
When an electron moves from a lower energy level to a higher energy level, energy is absorbed by the atom. When an electron moves from a higher to a lower energy level, energy is released (often as light). Transitions to level n = 1 are too high energy to see (UV).
Do electrons move in a wave?
Because an electron is a quantum object with wave-like properties, it must always be vibrating at some frequency. Furthermore, an electron in a stable atomic state does not move in the sense of waving through space. The orbital electron does move in the sense of vibrating in time.
Why do electrons move in a circuit?
When a positive charged object is placed near a conductor electrons are attracted the the object. When electric voltage is applied, an electric field within the metal triggers the movement of the electrons, making them shift from one end to another end of the conductor. Electrons will move toward the positive side.
How fast do electrons move?
about 1mm per second
Do electrons move faster when heated?
As you supply heat (or any form of energy) to the system containing the atom, it’s kinetic energy will increase and it will move faster through space. Note that as the electron is promoted to higher energy levels, the average separation distance between it and the nucleus increases.