What process leads to antibiotic resistance?
What process leads to antibiotic resistance?
Antibiotic resistance occurs when bacteria change in response to the use of these medicines. Bacteria, not humans or animals, become antibiotic-resistant. These bacteria may infect humans and animals, and the infections they cause are harder to treat than those caused by non-resistant bacteria.
What are the two mechanisms through which bacteria acquire antibiotic resistance?
The three fundamental mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance are (1) enzymatic degradation of antibacterial drugs, (2) alteration of bacterial proteins that are antimicrobial targets, and (3) changes in membrane permeability to antibiotics.
What are the 3 methods of genetic transfer in bacteria?
There are three ways for bacteria to transfer their DNA horizontally:
- Conjugation-
- Transformation-
- Transduction-
- Conjugation is the transfer of circular DNA called plasmids through cell to cell contact. Transformation is the uptake of ‘free’ DNA from the environment.
What are the features of bacterial genetic material?
Bacterial viruses (bacteriophages or phages) have DNA or RNA as genetic material. The two essential functions of genetic material are replication and expression. Genetic material must replicate accurately so that progeny inherit all of the specific genetic determinants (the genotype) of the parental organism.
Can bacteria make their own proteins?
Bacteria can produce foreign proteins from introduced genes, using their own gene expression machinery. Producing proteins in bacteria has greatly simplified the study of how proteins work. It has also made it possible to make large amounts of medically important proteins, such as insulin, within bacteria
What is viruses genetic material?
A virus is made up of a core of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protective coat called a capsid which is made up of protein. Sometimes the capsid is surrounded by an additional spikey coat called the envelope. Viruses are capable of latching onto host cells and getting inside them.